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Physics is all around us and the sites listed here do a great job in showing
the relevance of what we are learning in class to other situations.
Motion
related material
Yes, there are still those people out there who are convinced that the
earth is flat . Too bad they just don't make careful observations
(viewing an approaching ship coming over the horizon, comparing a sunset
viewed while sitting on the ground to one seen a few seconds later when
standing). Anyway, their pages are amusing: The
Flat Earth Society and an article about the international
society's president.
Still trying to get a feel for metric units? Want to know how to
convert pints into liters? Sounds like you need the table of common
equivalent weights & measures. NIST also has a searchable
table
of fundamental constants- a very handy reference for the future.
Also, I've collected a few tables of typical values
of mass, speed, etc. expressed in SI units.
Chapter
1 talks about fundamental particles. This is a whole field of physics-
particle or high energy physics. There are a few places on the web which
give good overviews of the field:
- The
Science of matter, space and time at FermiLab. This is a great
place to start your tour of "particle physics". It offers a qualitative
overview of what the world is made of and what the standard model
is. They even have a short video
that gives an overview of the standard model.
- Particle
Adventure- This is a great site that explains the physics behind
quarks, electrons and other fundamental particles. (A bit more
technical than the previous site.)
- Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center (SLAC) Virtual
Visitor Center- This site not only has information on the fundamental
physics, it also describes the methods that physicists use to study
the physics of small particles.
A
second "issue" related to particles is their role in model building.
One of the skills that any physics student must master is ability to simplify
complicated system enough so they can be discussed and understood, but
not so simple that all of the characteristics disappear. (You're not allowed
to make the simplification that the universe doesn't really exist, therefore
the answer to all of your homework is zero.) George Hrabovsky has an interesting
(short) column on this issue of particles
as simplifications. Bob has a similar article on modelling, Prelude
to the Study of Physics. I urge you to read both.
Chapter 2 introduces integration; while most of what we'll do in our class
will be simple polynomials and trig functions, you may occasionally run
into something more complicated. If so, you might want to use Wolfram's
on-line Integrator.
Galileo Galilei was one
of the first people to truely be scientific- he based his ideas not on
philosophy or religion, but observations. His insights into motion were
essential in the development of our ideas. The Galileo
Project at Rice ahs more about the man and his accomplishments.
At
one point he was known as the fastest man alive- Col
John Stapp. Not only did he set speed records, but he also pioneered
the study of crashes and human physiology.
Okay, I admit that I'm not completely impartial about this, but I think
baseball is one of the greatest places to study physics- everything from
projectile
motion and air drag to curve
balls. The Exploratorium
also has a fantastic site that include many interactive pages.
Forces
related material
Can you read Latin? Do you crave mathematical
information? Theny, why not read Newton's Philosophiae
Naturalis Principia Mathematica [Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy] Several editions are online thanks to the folks at MIT.
Speaking of historical sources, there are
some great sites out there which are related to Kepler, Brahe, and those
who came before them.
A
good place to view our current understanding of our solar system is the
Nine Planets.
Cirque
du Soleil is part circus, part theater, and many part oddness.
It is an amazing show and if you look with a "physics eye" you'll see
some amazing examples of mechanics, particularly statics. You can
find such examples in many circus or dance performances.
On
the web you can find several papers related to the Hyatt Regency collapse
(mostly by students):
What's the absolutely best application of Newton's Laws? Roller
Coasters! Learn more about the physics behind various amusement
park rides.
By the end of the course we will have discussed a wealth of classical
mechanics (forces, conservation laws, etc.) One of the more artistic
applications for this information lies in ballet.
There is another site that also talks about the physics
of dance.
NASA
has several pages on neutron
stars and pulsars.
Conservation
related material
In
1969, Newton was challenged to find the shape of the curve down which
a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without
friction ) from one point to another in the least time. He solved the
problem in less than a day. This was one of the early uses of the newly
created calculus. Specifically, it involves calculus of variations. The
problem is known as the brachistochrone
which is a term derived from the Greek (brachistos) "the shortest"
and (chronos) "time, delay." The brachistochrone problem was
one of the earliest problems posed in the calculus of variations.
Roller
Coasters! What a fun application of physics! Conservation of energy plays
a major role in most amusement park rides- conversion of gravitational
potential energy to kinetic energy.
- The Discovery
Channel has a site on the history and background of roller coaster
(including some videos that put you on some of the latest coasters).
- CNN
has a similar survey of coasters across the US.
- One site has a
simple Applet
which lets you tweak the sizes of hills and loops and then let the physics
run its course.
- For a more detailed
simulator you might try NoLimits
Roller Coaster.
- There is a nice
student report on the net which describes some of the technologies
involved in modern roller coasters.
The search for planets outside of the solar system is one application
of conservation of momentum. Recently there was an announcement
that several more planets had been detected. ABC
News has a story about the discovery. Geoff Marcy also has a
site that talks about extrasolar planets
in greater depth. There you will find a constantly updated list
of the discovered planets, readable
articles and much more!
Some
of the most exciting types of collisions occur in particle accelerators
which propel subatomic particles
at speeds near the speed of light. (This is a great site that explains
alot of particle physics.)
In addition to
being places where you can see momentum conservation in action, the subatomic
world also offers us glimpses at other conservation laws. The
Science of matter, space and time at FermiLab. This is a great
place to start your tour of "particle physics". It offers a qualitative
overview of what the world is made of and what the standard model
is. They even have a short video
that gives an overview of the standard model.
Stanford Linear Accelerator
Center (SLAC) Virtual
Visitor Center- This site not only has information on the fundamental
physics, it also describes the methods that physicists use to study the
physics of small particles.
Car crash
reconstruction is a field that heavily relies on physics, particularly
conservation of momentum. Car
& Driver has a great article that gives you can overview of this
field, describing many of the features in skid marks that experts look
for.
Sports
Illustrated Flashback: Being Backwards Gets Results, an archived
version of an article published in 1969 on Dick Fosbury and his "new"
high jump technique.
Other
material
Einstein is definitely the heavyweight of relativity. Both AIP
and NOVA have nice
sites on Albert Einstein. Here's a page that has many Einstein
links. At
the AIP exhibit you can hear
Einstein explain his equation E=mc2 . Why not read his
1920 book Relativity: The Special
and General Theory?
Speaking of einstein...WYP
2005 is a worldwide celebration of physics
and its importance in our everyday lives. Physics not only plays an important
role in the development of science and technology but also has a tremendous
impact on our society. You may be wondering- If physics is always so wonderful,
why celebrate now? The year 2005 marks the 100th anniversary of Albert
Einstein’s “miraculous
year” in which he published three important papers that describe
the motion of atoms and molecules (Brownian motion), the behavior of fast
moving objects (Special Relativity) and the relationship between light
and energy (Photoelectric Effect). These ideas have continued to influence
all of modern physics and are studied by all physics majors.
There is FAQ
out there for everything, so why not relativity?
The Michelson-Morley
experiment was an impressive in its simplicity and incredibly precise
results. This really ended the debate ether and the propagation
of light.
Subatomic
particles give us some of the best evidence that special relativity
is correct.
So
can anything go faster than the speed of light in a vacuum? Well,
many reporters have gotten this one wrong. ABCNews
has a report giving their version of an experiment reported in Nature.
The short answer is that the press got it all wrong. The letter
in Nature seemed to say no revolutionary physics was involved, describing
the result as: "a direct consequence of classical interference between
different frequency components in an anomalous dispersion region."
What is real are the experiments that have the speed
of light reduced well below 3 x 108 m/s. ABCNews
describes the findings.
The Physics Department has a
few pages that may be of interest to 101 students. There are pages
designed to help students
answer the important questions in life, such as "What I can do with a
physics degree?" Or, "Where can I intern?" Other pages talk
about the latest in
the world of physics (everything from research to limericks).
The Learning Resource Center is
a great place for students to find some tutoring and assistance.
The LRC offers physics, math, and chemistry group tutoring. They
have even prepared a "how
to solve word problems" tip sheet. In addition to course based
tutoring, LRC also offers workshops
on how to study, how to prepare for tests and studying to the MCAT, LSAT
or GRE.
Society of Physics Students! Okay, it's easier to say- SPS!
Come meet other students who enjoy science, hear guest speakers (often
your fellow students), and eat some snacks.
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